Regional pathway
Middle East and Islamic medical networks
Arabic and Persian medical writing, hospitals, clinical criticism, pharmacy, translation, and transmission across a multilingual scholarly world.
Regions
Place, movement and exchangeMedical knowledge has always crossed borders.
Regions are used here as connective lenses rather than sealed containers. Follow translation, trade, empire, migration, institutions, and local practice across overlapping medical worlds.
Regional directories
Ten collections with room to grow.
Each directory brings together people, institutions, turning points, and themes while keeping movement across borders visible.
Europe / Atlantic
Britain and Ireland
Clinical teaching, public health, nursing, surgery, laboratories, empire, and professional reform.
Western EuropeFrance
Hospitals, clinical diagnosis, microbiology, radiology, research institutes, and humanitarian medicine.
Central EuropeCentral Europe
University hospitals, pathology, bacteriology, public health, political regimes, and migration.
Canada / United StatesNorth America
Medical schools, public-health agencies, clinical research, professional reform, vaccination, and access.
Sea / Shore / HinterlandMediterranean and North Africa
Ancient healing, anatomy, hospitals, pharmacy, translation, trade, and scholarly exchange.
Middle East / Islamic worldMiddle East and Islamic Medical Networks
Hospitals, translation, clinical criticism, pharmacy, and medical writing across a multilingual scholarly world.
Africa south of the SaharaSub-Saharan Africa
Local healing, colonial institutions, public health, surgery, humanitarian medicine, and contested systems of care.
Indian subcontinentSouth Asia
Medical pluralism, colonial health, malaria research, hospitals, public-health campaigns, and professional change.
China / Korea / JapanEast Asia
Materia medica, state research, medical institutions, public health, and the global circulation of therapies.
Latin America / CaribbeanLatin America and the Caribbean
Indigenous knowledge, colonial exchange, plantation medicine, epidemics, migration, and public-health systems.
Regional pathway
Sub-Saharan Africa
Local healing systems, colonial institutions, tropical medicine, surgical innovation, public health, and humanitarian intervention.
Regional pathway
South Asia
Local medical worlds, colonial government, military health, mission hospitals, vector research, and public-health campaigns.
Regional pathway
East Asia
Materia medica, state research programmes, pharmaceutical investigation, malaria treatment, and the global circulation of therapies.
Regional pathway
Latin America and the Caribbean
Indigenous knowledge, colonial exchange, plantation medicine, epidemics, migration, humanitarian relief, and public-health systems.